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Giornale di Scavo — User guide

The digital excavation diary for iPhone and iPad. 100% offline: your data stays on your device.

In a nutshell

One idea drives everything: every dig day is a page that fills itself in. You record things wherever they belong — a GNSS point in Survey, a photo in Media, hours in Site — and the day's page in the Diary collects them all automatically. At the end of the week, or of the excavation, reports build themselves from the pages.

A typical day

  1. MorningOpen the day's page, note the weather and diary (or speak it with Dictate)
  2. CrewIn Site, record who is present and their hours
  3. SurveyCapture GNSS points; check a benchmark first if you use RTK
  4. PhotosShoot from Media: coordinates are attached automatically
  5. DrawingsTrace the section or plan over a photo (digital tracing sheet)
  6. FindsWith the boxes in front of you, record what came out: Site → Finds
  7. EveningFrom Reports, generate the daily report: a PDF ready to send

First steps

  1. On first launch you'll find a sample site. To create your own, tap the site name at the top (the 🗺 icon) → New site… and give it a name (e.g. "Colle Sant'Angelo — Trench 3").
  2. The active site's name is always visible at the top: every tab shows that site's data. Tap the name again to switch site: the list is under the “Your sites” heading, and Rename site… lets you fix a name without losing anything.
  3. Grant permissions when asked: location (for points), camera (for photos), microphone (for dictation), Bluetooth (only if you use an external receiver).

The five tabs

📓 Diary

  1. Tap a day to open its page: diary, weather, crew, points, photos and drawings of that day are already there.
  2. Write the diary or tap Dictate and speak: transcription happens on the device and works with no network.
  3. The weather can be typed by hand (e.g. "Clear, 28 °C, light wind") or fetched with Fetch, which asks the Norwegian meteorological service for the current conditions. It needs a network and only works on today's page: yesterday's weather can no longer be recovered. A second tap in the afternoon adds another measurement. Anything you type by hand always wins.
  4. When fetching, only the area's position leaves the device, rounded to about 11 metres, and in reports the line appears in the report's language.
The list of dig days
The list of dig days
A day's page
A day's page

📍 Survey

  1. The panel at the top shows the live position: coordinates, elevations, accuracy and fix type (GPS / RTK Float / RTK Fix).
  2. If you use a pole, set the Antenna height (m): the point's elevation is reduced to the ground automatically.
  3. Tap Capture point. Names are sequential (P001, P002…), but you can type your own (e.g. "SU 102 — pit bottom") and add a note.
  4. Switch between List and Map to see points in place; from the map you can enable a cadastre or another WMS service.
  5. Benchmarks (🏁) live in their own section: import them from CSV or create them, then open Live check and watch the ΔN/ΔE/ΔZ residuals with the pole tip on the nail, before you start surveying.
  6. Under Level books you'll find the field book for the optical level: stations, backsights and foresights, elevations calculated from a starting benchmark, with a closure check. Levelled points enter the site with their elevation, just like GNSS ones.
  7. On devices with a LiDAR scanner (iPhone Pro from the 12 on, iPad Pro) 3D Measurement PRO appears: pan slowly until the surface has been reconstructed, then tap the two points you want and read off distance, horizontal distance and height difference. With Anchor to benchmark you pick a benchmark of known elevation and tap its point on the ground: from then on every measurement also carries the a.s.l. elevation of both ends. Fix keeps the measurement in the scene, Discard measurement throws it away, Write into the diary turns it into a text you correct before confirming. It is an optical measurement, and the app says so by writing “LiDAR ±cm”: it is there for a height difference or a length taken quickly on the spot, and it replaces neither the GNSS nor the level. On devices without the scanner the button isn't there at all.
  8. Below the panel sit the NMEA recordings: the raw stream from the external receiver PRO is written to file by itself — recording starts when you switch the antenna on and closes when you switch it off, with nothing for you to remember. It is there to re-read a doubtful day, or to hand the raw data to whoever post-processes it. Files can be shared and deleted, except the one being recorded right now; the list opens with the receiver off too, so yesterday's files stay within reach.
The Survey GNSS panel
The Survey GNSS panel
Points and benchmarks on the map
Points and benchmarks on the map

Every point stores both elevations: ellipsoidal and orthometric (a.s.l.). With the phone's internal GPS the orthometric height may be unavailable: that needs an external receiver (see below).

📷 Media

  1. Shoot with the camera button or import from the photo library.
  2. Photos are named sequentially (F001, F002…) and are geotagged with the latest available GNSS position.
  3. When you shoot, the app also records the shooting direction from the compass: the photo's detail view and reports show “viewed from SO — 214°”, and for shots taken straight down (plan view, the bottom of an SU) a nadir caption with the direction of the top edge. If the compass is disturbed, the app tells you.
  4. Tap a photo to set its title and notes (e.g. "SU 102 from north").
  5. Share photo record PRO generates the photo documentation record: the photo with the shot's data below it (site, number, date and time, coordinates, elevation, direction), a satellite view with a pin and the shooting cone, the map's scale bar and the north arrow. The map needs a network: without one, the record still comes out, with a larger data panel.
  6. Virtual scale lays on the photo the references you didn't have in the field. First Calibrate photo: you tap the two ends of a distance you know — one division of the ruler, the side of a brick — and declare it in centimetres. Then you place what you need: Scale bar 5 cm, Scale bar 10 cm or Scale bar 20 cm, Ranging rod 50 cm, Ranging rod 1 m or Ranging rod 2 m, Square 10×10 cm, Reference cross and North arrow. Every element has its own rendering (Flat bar, Real rod, Tick ruler), size, thickness and rotation; to move one, press and hold it and drag — that way the pinch to zoom doesn't shift it by mistake.
  7. Add measurement measures any distance on the photo with two taps. The number is never saved: if you recalibrate, all the labels rewrite themselves. On photos taken straight down with the app the north arrow starts out already oriented on the recorded azimuth, and the report says so; if you turn it yourself, the caption switches to “declared”. Share with scale gives you a copy of the photo with what you have laid on it — Share photo stays the bare original, with its EXIF.
  8. Batch process PRO (the menu at the top of Media) takes a group of photos from the library and passes them all through count and measure, one after another: each photo becomes a site photo with the date it was shot, and each will have its own new finds record to confirm. The screen stays on for the whole batch. If you leave or interrupt it, the photos already done stay as drafts and Resume the batch starts again from where it was. At the end the review hands you the records one by one: correct provenance, class and quantity, and confirm.
The photo gallery
The photo gallery
The detail view of a geotagged photo
A photo's detail view: coordinates, elevation and shooting direction
The generated photo record
The exported record: the shot's data, the satellite view with the shooting cone, the map's scale bar and the north arrow

🧮 Count and measure (in Media)

The tray of sherds photographed from above, and the app counting and measuring them by itself. It lives on the photo of a find: you open it from its record and tap Count and measure PRO.

  1. The scale first. The app looks for the scale bar in the photo by itself: if it finds one it tells you how many squares it read, you declare how much one square measures (1, 2, 5 or 10 cm) and tap Use the proposal. If it doesn't find one, you tap the two ends of a known distance by hand. You can also choose Do not calibrate: then it only counts, and the app writes that the measurements are not there — it doesn't invent them.
  2. The model outlines every shape in the photo: that can take a few tens of seconds. What appears is a proposal, not a result: one tap excludes a shape, another brings it back. Merge fuses into one the shapes that are the same piece broken in two; Limit to an area lets you draw the tray's fence with your finger, and the search stays inside it; Fine pass goes over again only where it had found nothing. The suspects — the shapes that look like background, the sheet, the shadow — are grouped and excluded in one go.
  3. With Material of the shape you tap a piece and say what it is; Material for all gives it to all of them at once, or only to those left without. Propose the material asks the model on the device to guess it: it is a proposal to be checked, and your choice always wins.
  4. Next opens the confirmation sheet with the text already written: the count, the measurements (longer side × shorter side, in that order), and the honest declarations — “of which N without a reliable measurement” when a shape won't let itself be measured. If there is a label in the photo, the app tries to read it and always tells you: either “Label read: …”, or “No readable text in the photo”.
  5. The switches only appear where there is an empty slot to fill: Use the count as quantity, Use as code, Use as provenance. What you have already written is never overwritten, and the notes grow: a second round goes after the first, not in its place. The text can be edited: what goes into the notes is what you read there.
  6. Afterwards, in the photo's detail view, Numbers on shapes shows or hides the little numbers — and the way you see them there is the way they come out in shares and in reports too. Tap a shape to know which one it is: “7: 4.2×2.8 cm”. If the photo is not calibrated the label says so, instead of giving a number.

The measurement holds in the plane of the two points you calibrated: the photo must be taken straight down, with the tray parallel to the sensor. The declared reference is ±2 mm on well-framed pieces; a fragment standing on end or on the edge of the photo is outside that bargain.

✏️ Drawings (in Media)

  1. Create a new sheet and pick a site photo as its background: that's your digital tracing sheet. A drawing can continue across several days. You can also leave the photo out: a blank sheet draws just as well.
  2. Trace layers, cuts and stones with a finger or Apple Pencil. Pinch to zoom (up to 6×, two-finger double-tap to return to 1×). If the photo covers your strokes, choose Background opacity… from the camera menu and take it wherever you need, from 5% to 100%: it fades the photo, not the drawing. The choice stays with the sheet and holds in PDF, DOCX, PNG and Export with legend too.
  3. Everything else sits under Tools (the spanner in the toolbar), which is the index of the seven modes: Text box, Trace PRO, Photo scale, Point with elevation, Hatch, Line style and Virtual scale. Only one is held at a time: the tick says which, and while it is on your finger doesn't draw but drives that tool — tap the ticked entry again to go back to drawing. The three entries that work on the image (trace, scale, point with elevation) only appear if a background photo is there.
  4. With Text box you place the labels (e.g. "SU 1002"): they can be moved, resized with a pinch, and come with four fonts to choose from.
  5. Trace PRO recognises the outline of the object you tap (a stone, the edge of a layer) and turns it into a stroke: colour, thickness and line style can be changed without leaving the mode, and the outlines come out smooth instead of stepped. Everything happens on the device, with no network.
  6. Inside tracing, Trace everything PRO goes over the whole photo on its own. In the start sheet you decide the styling — Outlines only, or a hatch and perhaps a Colour wash — and press Start: the bar says how far along it is, and it takes some tens of seconds. What appears is a preview, not the drawing: a tap inside a shape excludes it, another brings it back (among overlapping shapes the smallest one under your finger wins), Fine pass goes over again only where it had found nothing, and Apply puts what is left onto the drawing. Until you apply, the sheet is untouched.
  7. With the Photo scale tool (ruler) you tap the two ends of a known measurement — a length of the ranging pole — and enter the true distance: the photo picks up the scale, and from then on exports speak in metres.
  8. With Point with elevation you place the crosshair of a GNSS point from the site (or a hand-entered point) on the photo: name, elevation and coordinates appear in a draggable label with a leader line. Pinch on the selected label to shrink or enlarge it, when the values cover the drawing.
  9. The Hatch fills shapes: you tap inside a closed shape and it fills. There are the ten conventional hatches — Masonry / stone, Brick, Mortar / plaster, Clay, Silt, Sand, Gravel, Charcoal / ash, Bedrock, Wood — and the Colour wash (a colour with its own opacity), on their own or together. If one shape sits inside another the smallest under your finger wins; Remove fill clears it. No photo is needed: filling works on the shapes you have drawn, so it works on a blank sheet too.
  10. The Line style dresses a stroke that is already drawn: you tap it and choose between Continuous, Dashed, Dotted and Dash-dot, adjusting the thickness. Draw with this style makes the strokes that follow come out dressed already; Remove style puts the line back to solid. It is not a screen effect: the dashes are real segments, and they stay that way in PDF, DOCX, PNG, SVG and DXF.
  11. The Virtual scale brings onto the sheet the same references as the photos have: scale bar, ranging rod, square, cross, north arrow and measurements with two taps. The metric types ask the sheet to have a scale, that is the Photo scale: with no known distance the app explains instead of drawing. In SVG and DXF PRO these elements come out as vectors, on their own layer, and the measurement read with the GIS ruler matches the label.
  12. Export with legend PRO: the image comes out with a white band underneath — a metric scale bar (if the scale is set), a north arrow for photos taken straight down, “viewed from” for frontal ones.
  13. Export vector PRO: SVG for the drawing, or DXF for the GIS. With at least two points with elevation and coordinates on a photo taken straight down, the DXF comes out georeferenced in UTM and positions itself in QGIS automatically; with only the scale set it comes out in local metres; with neither, the app says so and won't produce a file with no units. The SVG is the exception on opacity: it embeds the original photo just as it is, so a faded background comes out there at full strength.
  14. When you're done, hide the photo: the clean drawing stays, ready for the report.
The digital tracing sheet
The digital tracing sheet

👷 Site

  1. Record the day's attendance: each person's name, role and hours.
  2. Keep the equipment inventory and who each item is assigned to.
  3. Under Finds sits the register of what comes out of the excavation, with the number of rows already recorded written under the name.
Crew and hours
Crew and hours

📦 Finds (in Site)

The real moment isn't the camera: it is sitting down at the end of the day with the boxes in front of you and working through them one after another, tired and with dirty hands. Everything here is made for that moment — and it is free, like recording points: handing over what you have dug is basic documentation.

  1. Site → Finds → +. The record opens with today's date already in it and with the last provenance used: from the second row on, recording is almost only tapping. The field suggests the provenances already used on that site.
  2. The fields are in the order you really fill them in: Provenance (e.g. “SU 102”), Class, Quantity with its Unit (fragments, pieces, bags, boxes, grams), the code of the box or the bag, Status (To be washed, Washed, Marked, Delivered), notes and date.
  3. Eleven classes are offered — Pottery, Brick, Animal bone, Human bone, Metal, Glass, Lithics, Mortar and plaster, Wood, Samples, Other — but you can write one of your own (“Painted plaster”): it will stay that word in every language, because the app only translates the entries it offers itself.
  4. The quantity can be left empty: a row can say “this stuff was there” without counting it, and in the exports that cell stays empty, never zero.
  5. A record's photos are taken with Take Photo, picked with From library or with From the site, which fishes among the photos already in the gallery that don't have a record yet. They are the same photos as in Media: deleting a find does not delete its photos, which only lose the link.
  6. On the day's page the Finds section appears only if you recorded some that day. Write into the diary offers the summary line, grouped by provenance and with the notes in full: you correct it and add it to the end of the diary. Pressed twice it writes twice — the diary never rewrites itself.

📄 Reports

  1. Pick the type: daily (free, watermarked), weekly, monthly or final with full appendices PRO.
  2. Pick the report language from seventeen, independent of the app's language: the report can come out in German even if you use the app in English.
  3. Generate the PDF, or export DOCX with your logo and photos PRO, CSV of the points, GeoJSON for QGIS PRO.
  4. At the bottom sits Finds export (whole site), free: Export Finds CSV for the spreadsheet, and Export Finds HTML for a table with thumbnails that opens in any browser with no network. Headings, classes, units and statuses come out in the language chosen for the report; what you wrote yourself stays as you wrote it. In the final report the finds have their own appendix, by provenance.
  5. With photos in reports switched on, you can choose Photo records instead of photos PRO: every photo enters the PDF and DOCX as a full documentation record with data and map, in the report's language.
Report generation
Report generation

External GNSS receiver and NTRIP

With an external receiver (centimetre-grade antenna) the app reaches RTK accuracy. The internal GPS always remains available as a fallback.

  1. Turn the receiver on and enable Bluetooth on the phone.
  2. In Survey, choose the position source: External GNSS (BLE/NMEA) PRO and pick your receiver from the list. MFi receivers (free) and receivers that stream NMEA over the network are supported too.
  3. For RTK corrections configure NTRIP: caster address, port, mountpoint, username and password (stored in the device keychain). The app sends your position to the caster and receives corrections.
  4. Wait for RTK Fix: centimetre accuracy. Check against a benchmark before you start.

Where the phone has no signal, there is also the road without internet: a base planted on a known point and a rover swapping corrections over LoRa radio, with no caster and no SIM (DFRobot RTK kit with an ESP32 bridge). Nothing changes for the app — it receives already-corrected NMEA from the receiver — and building the bridge is documented separately, in its own README: this stays a guide to the app, not a firmware manual.

Backup and exchange

  1. From the site menu tap Export site (.zip): everything is inside — diary, points, photos, drawings, hours, benchmarks.
  2. Keep the ZIP wherever you like (Files, Drive, e-mail…). It is your backup: the app has no cloud, by design.
  3. Import site (.zip)… recreates the site on another device, even between iPhone and Android.

⚠️ Delete site… removes the site with everything in it and is irreversible: export a ZIP first if in doubt.

Free and Pro

FreePro
Sites1Unlimited
GNSSInternal GPS, MFi receivers+ BLE/NMEA, NTRIP
ReportsDaily, watermarkedAll, no watermark
ExportPDF, CSV+ DOCX with logo and photos, GeoJSON
DrawingsTracing sheet, zoom, text boxes, scale, points with elevation, hatches, line styles, background opacity+ Export with legend, SVG/DXF
Automatic tracing—By tap and “Trace everything”
NMEA recordingsRe-reading and sharing the filesThe recording (needs the external antenna)
Level books✓✓
Photo record—Sharing and records in reports
FindsRegister, CSV and HTML+ appendix in the reports
Virtual scalesOn photos and on drawing sheets+ vectors in SVG and DXF
Count and measure—On one photo and in batches
3D Measurement (LiDAR)—On devices with the scanner
Voice dictation✓✓
Report languages1717

Pro is a monthly or yearly auto-renewing subscription, or a one-time lifetime purchase. Manage or cancel it any time in your Apple Account settings. When a free trial is due to you, the Pro screen writes it before the purchase (“7 days free, then …”): if it isn't written there, it isn't due to you — the app doesn't promise a trial that the purchase then won't honour.

Troubleshooting

The Bluetooth receiver doesn't appear or won't connect

Check, in order:

I never reach RTK Fix
NTRIP won't connect
The elevation a.s.l. is empty or zero

Phone GPS provides only the ellipsoidal height. The orthometric height (a.s.l.) comes from the GGA sentence of an external receiver. Without one, points still store the ellipsoidal height.

Dictation doesn't work
The cadastral map (WMS) doesn't show

The app is offline, but WMS layers are web services: they need a connection and a working service. The Italian cadastre is preconfigured; for other countries enter your national service's WMS endpoint (it must support EPSG:3857). Out of data coverage, the base map and your points remain visible.

Photos have no coordinates

A photo takes the position from the latest GNSS fix: open Survey first and wait for a position, then shoot. If the location permission is denied, photos are saved without coordinates.

Photos or the logo are missing from a report

Photos in reports, the logo and the custom header are part of Pro and apply to DOCX and PDF. The free daily report carries a watermark and does not include photos.

I deleted a site by mistake

Deletion is final: the data cannot be recovered (there is no cloud). If you exported a ZIP earlier, import it to restore the site as of that date. Tip: export a ZIP at the end of each day.

I bought Pro but it's still locked

Tap Restore purchases on the Pro screen, using the same Apple Account as the purchase. If you changed device, restoring recovers the subscription or the lifetime licence.

“Fetch” is greyed out, or says “Weather unavailable”
The photo record comes out without a map

The satellite view comes from Apple and needs a network: the app waits up to 15 seconds, then generates the record without a map (the data doesn't wait for the network). On slow site networks it can take the full wait: try again under Wi-Fi. Without coordinates on the photo, there is no map by definition.

“Trace everything” finds nothing, or finds too much
The stroke won't take a style
The hatch doesn't appear when I tap inside the shape
The DXF is rejected, or opens “near the origin” in the GIS
I faded the background, but the SVG comes out with the photo at full strength

That is how it is and how it stays: the SVG carries the original file of the photo inside it, not a faded copy of it, and lightening it would mean re-compressing it — that is, making it worse for everyone who opens the SVG to work on it. Background opacity… holds in the editor, in the PDF, in the DOCX, in the PNG and in Export with legend. If you need the vector without the photo, choose SVG — drawing only; if you need the faded photo, export to PNG or go through the report.

The north arrow doesn't appear in the export with legend

The arrow only appears for photos taken straight down with the app's camera, which records the azimuth at the moment of the shot. Frontal photos get the “viewed from …” caption instead (a north arrow on the plane of a front elevation would be a geometric lie); photos imported from the library get neither, because the shooting data is missing.

“Count and measure” doesn't appear on the photo

The command lives only on the photos of a find — that is where outlining fragments makes sense — and it opens from the photo's detail view, not from the record, which only shows the thumbnails. If the tap opens the Pro screen, that is the feature: it is part of Pro, like tracing.

The scale bar isn't found
The count doesn't match the real tray
The label isn't read, or it proposes the wrong thing
The batch stopped, or some photos didn't come in
The virtual scale bar doesn't match the real ruler

The scale holds in the plane of the two points you calibrated: if the photo is taken at an angle, an element laid further away or nearer than that plane cannot match. Shoot straight down, with the plane parallel to the sensor, and calibrate on a distance that lies in that plane. If the value you declared was wrong, Recalibrate: every measurement already laid rewrites itself, because the number is never saved.

“3D Measurement” isn't there, or the measurement is off